1. Corruption perceptionion Index
The Role of Civil Society in Improving Corruption Perception Index Scores: Success Stories
Reason behind corruption
1. Lack of Transparency A lack of in government processes, decision-making, and public administration provides fertile ground for corrupt practices.
2. Weak Institutions and ineffective legal frameworks Many of India’s institutions responsible for enfor cing laws and regulations are either weak or compromised.
3. Weak Institutions and ineffective legal frameworks Many of India’s institutions responsible for enforcing laws and regulations are either weak or compromised. This includes law enforcement agencies, the judiciary, and oversight bodies. Weak institutions .can fail to hold corrupt individuals accountable and may even facilitate corruption.
4. Bureaucratic Red Tape: Lengthy and convoluted bureaucratic procedures and excessive regulations can drive individuals and businesses to engage in corrupt practices to expedite processes or bypass obstacles.
5. Political Interference: Political interference in administrative matters can compromise the autonomy of government institutions.
6. Lack of Whistleblower Protection: Inadequate protection for can deter individuals from reporting corruption. The fear of retaliation can silence potential whistleblowers and allow corruption to thrive.
7. Social Inequality: Social and economic disparities can contribute to corruption, as individuals with wealth and power may use their influence to secure preferential treatment and engage in corrupt practices without repercussions.rupt practices without repercussions.
1.Electoral reforms
- Imposing limits on the overall expenditure of the political parties.
- Making state funding of elections a reality.
- Empowering ECI by giving legal force to MCC and making paid news a criminal offence.
- Strengthening of autonomous institutions
2. Administrative reforms3.Governance reforms
- e-gov apart from advancing the good governance objectives of accountability and transparency also seeks to reduce the manual interface between state and citizen.
3 . Economic reforms:-
Improving corporate governance by implementing corporate governance committee reports
Negating legal lacunae in banking, stock market legislations.
4. Governance reforms
- e-gov apart from advancing the good governance objectives of accountability and transparency also seeks to reduce the manual interface between state and citizen.
5. Social sector improvements:-
- Awareness of citizenry by training them in RTI act, Citizens charter, social audits.
- Increasing democratization of the masses.
2. World water week
- The world population is currently on the rise which has led to an increased demand for water.
- Our natural water cycles are also currently being disrupted by man-made activities and climate change.
Improper water management, pollution, extraction of resources and infrastructure construction further aggravate Need of such initiative:
- negative impacts on our freshwater sources.
Significance:
Water is a necessary sustain life on our planet. Clean water is required for drinking, sanitation, and providing for our crops.
- The fresh water on our planet accounts for less than one per cent of the world’s water.
- Fresh water can be found in rivers, lakes, wetlands, streams and even groundwater.
- Despite having several sources, the freshwater levels on our planet are currently under threat.
India’s effort for Water Conservation:
- Jal Jeevan Mission
- The world population is currently on the rise which has led to an increased demand for water.
- Our natural water cycles are also currently being disrupted by man-made activities and climate change.
Improper water management, pollution, extraction of resources and infrastructure construction further aggravate Need of such initiative:
- negative impacts on our freshwater sources.
Significance:
Water is a necessary sustain life on our planet. Clean water is required for drinking, sanitation, and providing for our crops.
- The fresh water on our planet accounts for less than one per cent of the world’s water.
- Fresh water can be found in rivers, lakes, wetlands, streams and even groundwater.
- Despite having several sources, the freshwater levels on our planet are currently under threat.
India’s effort for Water Conservation:
- Jal Jeevan Mission
.
3. POCSO Act
Pocso act was enacted by the Parliament in 2012 to prevent children aged less than 18 from offences like sexual harassment, sexual assault, and child pornography. Its full form is the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act. The Act was passed in 2012 under the Ministry of Women and Child Development.
Features:-
. Gender-neutral legislation: The Act defines a child as “any person” under the age of 18.•Non-reporting is a crime: Any person in charge of an institution (excluding children)
. Non-reporting is a crime: Any person in charge of an institution (excluding children) who fails to report the commission of a sexual offence involving a subordinate faces punishment.
. No time limit for reporting abuse: A victim may report an offence at any time, even years after the abuse has occurred.
. Keeping victim’s identity confidential: The Act forbids the disclosure of the victim’s identity in any form of media unless authorized by the special courts.
. Concerns•:
Such abuse is on the rise: Particularly since the Covid-19 outbreak, when new forms of cybercrime have emerged.
. Lack of awareness or knowledge: On the part of minor girls, boys, parents and society as a whole.
. Criminalization CJI Chandrachud asked lawmakers to look into growing concern over criminalisation under the POCSO Act of adolescents who engage in consensual sexual activity.
. Way forward:-
1. The government should provide adequate resources such as funding and personnel to investigating agencies handling POCSO cases. This will help to ensure that investigations are conducted in a timely and efficient manner.
2. Investigating officers should be provided with proper training on the handling of POCSO cases. This can include training on the proper techniques for collecting and preserving evidence, interviewing child victims and witnesses, and the legal requirements of the POCSO Act.
3.Setting up special courts for POCSO cases can help to ensure that cases are handled promptly and efficiently. This will also help to speed up the trial process, which can be important for the victim and their family.
4. Manipur international border issue
1. Manipur-Nagaland Border Dispute: There has been contention between Manipur and Nagaland regarding the exact boundary demarcation. The dispute often results in conflicts over land and resources.
2. Manipur-Assam Border Dispute: There have been historical tensions between Manipur and Assam regarding land and jurisdictional boundaries. These disputes have occasionally led to skirmishes and administrative challenges.
3. Manipur-Myanmar Border Issue: Manipur shares an international border with Myanmar. Issues here are often related to cross-border insurgency, illegal migration, and trade, which impact local security and relations.
Addressing these disputes involves administrative measures, negotiations, and sometimes intervention by central authorities to ensure peace and stability in the region.
W forward:–
1. Diplomatic Negotiations: Engaging in talks between the conflicting parties (such as states or countries) can help clarify boundaries and reach mutually acceptable agreements. These negotiations often involve compromises and concessions.
2. Administrative and Legal Measures: Establishing clear legal frameworks and administrative procedures for border demarcation and management can prevent disputes. This may include updating land records and maps.
3. Conflict Resolution Mechanisms: Implementing conflict resolution mechanisms, such as joint committees or dispute resolution panels, can help address and mediate ongoing issues effectively.
4. Increased Surveillance and Monitoring: Enhancing surveillance along the borders can help prevent illegal activities, such as cross-border insurgency and smuggling, which can exacerbate tensions.
5. CommunityEngagement: Involving local communities in the resolution process and addressing their concerns can build trust and cooperation, helping to ease tensions and foster peace.
6. Economic Development: Promoting economic development in border areas can alleviate some of the pressures that contribute to disputes. This includes infrastructure development and economic incentives for local populations.
7. Central Government Intervention: In some cases, central government intervention may be necessary to mediate disputes and enforce agreements, ensuring stability and adherence to resolutions.These solutions require collaboration among various stakeholders, including local governments, national authorities, and Pocsometimes international bodies, to be effective and sustainable